Born in a tiny log cabin, James Buchanan helped his father run a country store while growing up, but later attended college and began his career as a county prosecutor. He served many years as a legislator, was appointed Minister to Russia and Great Britain , and served as Secretary of State under President Polk.

A lifelong bachelor, Buchanan shared his grand country estate named "Wheatland" with his nephew and niece in both pre- and post-presidential years. Symbolic of the extravagant social customs of the early 19th century, the manor offered gracious living that included liveried servants, leisurely dinners for 25 guests, musical entertainment, and lively conversation.

The interior design reflects early Victorian style, with Federal and American Empire furnishings, fine marble fireplaces, and graceful stairways. From a long veranda at the rear of the house, Buchanan enjoyed an expansive view of rolling wheat fields.